Prime Number Theorem And ...

8 Secondary explicit estimates

8.1 Definitions

In this section we define the basic types of secondary estimates we will work with in the project. Key references:

FKS1: Fiori–Kadiri–Swidninsky arXiv:2204.02588

FKS2: Fiori–Kadiri–Swidninsky arXiv:2206.12557

Definition 37 Equation (1) of FKS2
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\(E_π(x) = |π(x) - Li(x)| / Li(x)\)

Definition 38 Equation (2) of FKS2
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\(E_θ(x) = |θ(x) - x| / x\)

Definition 39 Definition 1, FKS2
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We say that \(E_θ\) satisfies a classical bound with parameters \(A, B, C, R, x_0\) if for all \(x \geq x_0\) we have

\[ E_θ(x) \leq A \left(\frac{\log x}{R}\right)^B \exp \left(-C \left(\frac{\log x}{R}\right)^{1/2}\right). \]

Similarly for \(E_π\).

8.2 The arguments of Rosser and Schoenfeld

In this section we formalize the arguments of Rosser and Schoenfeld that can convert primary estimates to secondary estimates, with an emphasis on parameter flexibility.

8.3 Summary of results

In this section we summarize the secondary results known in the literature (or obtained from this project), and (if their proof has already been formalized) provide a proof that reduces them to primary results, as well as implications of primary results to secondary results with appropriate choices of parameters.

Key references:

Dusart: https://piyanit.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/art_10.1007_s11139-016-9839-4.pdf

FKS1: Fiori–Kadiri–Swidninsky arXiv:2204.02588

FKS2: Fiori–Kadiri–Swidninsky arXiv:2206.12557

PT: D. J. Platt and T. S. Trudgian, The error term in the prime number theorem, Math. Comp. 90 (2021), no. 328, 871–881.

JY: D. R. Johnston, A. Yang, Some explicit estimates for the error term in the prime number theorem, arXiv:2204.01980.

Theorem 53 PT Corollary 2
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One has

\[ |\pi (x) - \mathrm{Li}(x)| \leq 235 x (\log x)^{0.52} \exp (-0.8 \sqrt{\log x}) \]

for all \(x \geq \exp (2000)\).

Theorem 54 JY Corollary 1.3
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One has

\[ |\pi (x) - \mathrm{Li}(x)| \leq 9.59 x (\log x)^{0.515} \exp (-0.8274 \sqrt{\log x}) \]

for all \(x \geq 2\).

Theorem 55 JY Theorem 1.4
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One has

\[ |\pi (x) - \mathrm{Li}(x)| \leq 0.028 x (\log x)^{0.801} \exp (-0.1853 \log ^{3/5} x / (\log \log x)^{1/5})) \]

for all \(x \geq 2\).

TODO: input other results from JY

Theorem 56 FKS2 Corollary 22
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One has

\[ |\pi (x) - \mathrm{Li}(x)| \leq 9.2211 x \sqrt{\log x} \exp (-0.8476 \sqrt{\log x}) \]

for all \(x \geq 2\).

Theorem 57 FKS2 Corollary 26
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One has

\[ |\pi (x) - \mathrm{Li}(x)| \leq 0.4298 \frac{x}{\log x} \]

for all \(x \geq 2\).

Theorem 58 Dusart Proposition 5.4
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There exists a constant \(X_0\) (one may take \(X_0 = 89693\)) with the following property: for every real \(x \ge X_0\), there exists a prime \(p\) with

\[ x {\lt} p \le x\Bigl(1 + \frac{1}{\log ^3 x}\Bigr). \]

TODO: input other results from Dusart